Understand the link between binocular vision disorders and patient symptoms, and relevance to myopia management.

A simplified approach to assessing vergence and accommodation function is described, underpinning the rest of the course. The clinical picture of a normal binocular vision system is also provided.

This chapter explains and demonstrates techniques to assess horizontal heterophoria and fusional reserves at distance and near, and provides a clinical picture of normal vergence function to support diagnosis.

This chapter explains and demonstrates techniques to assess accommodative lag and facility at near, and provides a clinical picture of normal accommodation function to support diagnosis.

The interaction between accommodation an vergence systems is described, from its mechanical basis to assessment of AC/A ratio at near using various techniques.

The most valuable part of your binocular vision toolkit - retinoscopy - is explained and demonstrated to help you master distance and near free-space measurement techniques.

In this chapter, we establish management pathways for vergence disorders involving a variety of techniques including adds, prism prescribing and vision training.

In this chapter, we establish management pathways for accommodation disorders involving near adds and vision training techniques.

This chapter discusses complex cases of vergence and accommodation interaction, providing the framework for diagnosis and management of simultaneous disorders of both vergence and accommodation.

All of this new knowledge becomes clinically powerful when we can appropriately explain it to parents and patients. This chapter provides simple analogies and approaches to explaining complex clinical concepts in lay language.

Binocular vision is relevant to myopia risk identification, prescribing and outcomes. This chapter explains the key ‘red flag’ conditions to enable formulation of comprehensive myopia management plans.

The final chapter discusses myopia control efficacy and visual comfort outcomes in terms of binocular vision, including identification of specific management pathways with seven case studies.